Twentieth century circles

Famous and/or influential groups:

. Muckrakers around McClure’s magazine, 1900s (Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens, Ray Baker, Willa Cather, Jack London)

. Bloomsbury Group, 1910s (E. M. Forster, John Maynard Keynes, Lytton Strachey, Virginia Woolf, Bertrand Russell, A. N. Whitehead)

. NYC Greenwich Village leftists, 1910s (John Reed, Louise Bryant, Max Eastman, Eugene O’Neill, Emma Goldman)

. the group around Freud circa 1910 (Jung, Brill, Jones, Ferenczi, later: Adler)

. ex-pats around Gertrude Stein, the Lost Generation, Paris, 1920s (Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Picasso, John Dos Passos, Isadora Duncan)

. (related to above) ex-pats around Gerald and Sara Murphy, French Riviera, 1920s (Zelda and F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, Fernand Léger, Jean Cocteau, Pablo Picasso, Archibald MacLeish, John O’Hara, Cole Porter, Dorothy Parker, Robert Benchley)

. Algonquin Round Table in NYC, 1920s (George S. Kaufman, Dorothy Parker, Robert Benchley, Edna Ferber, Robert Sherwood, Irving Berlin, Tallulah Bankhead, Harpo Marx, Alexander Woollcott, Charles MacArthur, Franklin Pierce Adams, Noël Coward, Ruth Hale, Harold Ross, Herman Mankiewicz)

. Paris in the 1930s (Anais Nin, Henry Miller, Otto Rank, John Steinbeck, Antonin Artaud, Edmund Wilson, Gore Vidal, James Agee, James Leo Herlihy, Lawrence Durrell)

. Frankfurt School, 1930s (Herbert Marcuse, Theodor Adorno, Jürgen Habermas, Erich Fromm, Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin)

. the literary Beats, 1950s (Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Gregory Corso, Neal Cassady, Gary Snyder, Lawrence Ferlinghetti)

. the Living Theatre, 1960s (Julian Beck, Judith Malina, Hanon Reznikov, Fredy Perlman)

. SDS, 1960s (Tom Hayden, et. al.)

. the Pranksters, 1960s (Ken Kesey, Ken Babbs, Neal Cassady, Mountain Girl (Carolyn Adams), Jerry Garcia, Larry McMurtry, Paul Krassner, Wavy Gravy (Hugh Romney), Stewart Brand)

. the League for Spiritual Discovery, 1960s (Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert, Allen Ginsberg)

. the Yippies, 1960s (Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, Paul Krassner, Stew Albert, Ed Rosenthal, Allen Ginsberg, Judy Gumbo, Ed Sanders, Robin Morgan, Phil Ochs, William Kunstler, Jonah Raskin, John Sinclair, Paul Watson, Wavy Gravy (Hugh Romney), Tuli Kupferberg)

. Esalen Institute, 1960s (Fritz Perls, Dick Price, Ida Rolf, Paul Goodman, Alan Watts, Abraham Maslow, Will Schutz, Ansel Adams, Buckminster Fuller, Timothy Leary, Linus Pauling, Carl Rogers, Virginia Satir, B.F. Skinner, Arnold Toynbee)

. The Factory (NYC), 1960s (Andy Warhol, Lou Reed, The Velvet Underground, Nico, Holly Woodlawn, Candy Darling, Joe Dallesandro, Jackie Curtis, Joe Campbell, Debbie Harry, David Bowie, Madonna, Liza Minelli)

. Weatherman faction of SDS, 1970s (David Gilbert, Kathy Boudin, Ted Gold, Bill Ayers, Bernardine Dorhn, Mark Rudd, John Jacobs, Jeff Jones, Terry Robbins, Cathy Wilkerson, Diana Oughton)

. Ms. Magazine, 1970s (Gloria Steinem, Robin Morgan, Dorothy Pitman Hughes, Letty Cottin Pogrebin, Mary Thom, Patricia Carbine, Joanne Edgar, Nina Finkelstein, Mary Peacock)

. Clamshell Alliance, 1970s (Howie Hawkins, Guy Chichester, Phil Hill, Murray Bookchin)

. Institute for Social Ecology, 1980s (Murray Bookchin, Janet Biehl, Daniel Chodorkoff, Chaia Heller, Howie Hawkins, Brian Tokar, Chuck Morse)

. the Fifth Estate, 1980s (Eat the Rich Gang and other writers: Peter Werbe, David Watson, Fredy Perlman, Bob Brubaker, John Zerzan, later: John Clark)